Dispersal characteristics of swift foxes
نویسندگان
چکیده
From 1997 to 2001, we monitored movements of 109 adult and 114 juvenile swift foxes, Vulpes velox (Say, 1823), at study sites in Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas to determine patterns of dispersal. Significantly more male (93%) than female (58%) juveniles dispersed, and both sexes had similar bimodal dispersal patterns with peaks in September–October and January–February. Adult dispersal occurred more evenly throughout the year, and significantly more male (32%) than female (5%) adults dispersed. Adult males tended to disperse after the death of their mate. Of dispersing foxes with known fates, settlement percentages in new territories were similar between juvenile males and females (40% overall), but they were significantly lower than for adults (89%). All other dispersing foxes with known fates died. Among juvenile females with known fates, similar percentages of philopatric and dispersing foxes reproduced as yearlings (50% overall), so the benefits of dispersal versus philopatry were not clear. Although rarely reported for other species, adult males were an important dispersal cohort in swift foxes (43% of male dispersals and 25% of all dispersals). Because of the female-biased philopatry among swift foxes, dispersal of adult males likely decreased the chances for inbreeding (e.g., father–daughter breeding). Résumé : De 1997 à 2001, nous avons suivi les déplacements de 109 adultes et de 114 jeunes du renard véloce, Vulpes velox (Say, 1823), dans des sites d’étude du Colorado, du Nouveau-Mexique et du Texas afin de déterminer leurs patterns de dispersion. Significativement plus de jeunes mâles (93 %) que de jeunes femelles (58 %) se dispersent; les patterns de dispersion bimodaux, avec des maximums en septembre–octobre et en janvier–février, sont semblables chez les deux sexes. La dispersion des adultes se répartit plus uniformément au cours de l’année et elle implique significativement plus de mâles (32 %) que de femelles (5 %). Les adultes mâles ont tendance à se disperser après la mort de leur partenaire. Chez les renards qui se sont dispersés et dont le sort est connu, le pourcentage d’animaux qui se sont établis sur de nouveaux territoires est semblable chez les jeunes mâles et femelles (40 % en tout), mais il est significativement plus faible que chez les adultes (89 %). Tous les autres renards qui se sont dispersés et dont le sort est connu sont morts. Chez les jeunes femelles dont le sort est connu, des pourcentages semblables d’animaux philopatriques et dispersés se sont reproduits dès la première année (50 % en tout); les bénéfices de la dispersion par rapport à la philopatrie ne sont donc pas évidents. Alors que le phénomène a rarement été signalé chez d’autres espèces, les mâles adultes constituent une importante cohorte de dispersion chez les renards véloces (43 % des dispersions des mâles et 25 % de toutes les dispersions). Puisque la philopatrie chez les renards véloces est surtout l’apanage des femelles, la dispersion des mâles adultes diminue vraisemblablement la probabilité des accouplements consanguins (e.g., accouplements
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